Asthma is the most common chronic disease among children and one of the major causes of hospitalization to the age of fifteen. In 2019, in EU countries, the share of people reporting asthma was 5,7 %, and for Slovenia it was 4,8 %.  In the period 2015-2020, the municipalities of Mežica, Kostel, Kobilje, Idrija, Apače and Trzin stood out in terms of the number of hospitalizations for asthma. Children admitted to the hospital for asthma in 2020 were mostly 5 to 9 years old.

In Slovenia, in 2020, children (0-14 years old) in larger cities were exposed to concentrations of 21-30 µg PM₁₀/m³. In Europe, most children live in an environment where PM₁₀ concentrations are below 26 µg/m³. It is a worrying fact that in Slovenia in 2018 about 2% of children were exposed to concentrations between 31 and 40 PM₁₀/m³, and in 2019 as much as 53%, fortunately, concentrations decreased in 2020, so children were not exposed to concentrations above 30 µg PM10 / m3 that year.