Specialization as a development factor does not occupy a significant place in the strategic and program documents of European agricultural policy. Moreover, in most documents, in connection with the intensification, it is mentioned as one of the agricultural factors that most negatively affect the quality of the environment. These impacts are most pronounced in land use change, which can lead to lower plant and animal diversity. Due to the increased concentration of production within a small and limited number of agricultural products, management systems and the intensity of land use can change significantly. Although specialization in some cases (e.g. focus on extensive cattle and small ruminant farming in mountainous and other areas with limited factors) can improve the environmental conditions for the conservation of high natural value agricultural land, most environmental as well as agricultural strategic documents point to the impending the danger of over-specialization in agriculture.