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Slovenia belongs to the EU Member States with a lower level of specialization in agriculture. This is reflected in the number of specialized farms and the surface area of agricultural land treated by these holdings. Specialized farms in Slovenia generate a smaller share of standard output than the average in the European Union, which indicates that the processes of concentration and specialization of agricultural production in Slovenia is slower than in European Union.


The specialization of agriculture is directing the agricultural production in a particular agricultural sector. In the production-economic sense, it can be defined as the predominance of an individual type of production or service in the value of the income of agricultural holdings. The main drivers of agricultural specialization are economic efficiency and market and price conditions. Specialization enables greater production efficiency, which is mainly reflected in the increase in the level of production per production unit - intensity. The level of specialization of agriculture in Slovenia is analyzed for the period 2007–2016 and is shown by:

-   the share of agricultural holdings by individual types of farming,

-   the share of the area of agricultural land in use by individual types of

agricultural holdings,

-   share and movement of the value of economic size on agricultural holdings

by individual types of farming.


Charts

Figure KM12-1: The share of agricultural holdings by type of farming in 2007, 2010 and 2016
Sources: 
Statistični urad Republike Slovenije (2018)
Chart note: 

Calculations by AIS

Show data

2007[%]

2010[%]

2016[%]

Specialist field crops

12.54

17.12

19.19

Specialist horticulture

0.68

0.70

0.62

Specialist permanent crops

9.01

11.64

13.15

Specialist grazing livestock

44.15

40.04

35.74

Specialist granivores

1.81

1.22

0.59

Mixed cropping

8.14

7.39

8.18

Mixed livestock holdings

7.42

6.60

5.43

Mixed crops - livestock

16.25

15.29

17.11

Figure KM12-2: The share of Utilised Agricultural Area by type of farming in 2007, 2010 and 2016
Sources: 
Statistični urad Republike Slovenije (2018)
Chart note: 

Calculations by AIS

Show data

2007[%]

2010[%]

2016[%]

Specialist field crops

10.59

13.32

16.70

Specialist horticulture

0.55

0.46

0.35

Specialist permanent crops

4.20

4.70

5.87

Specialist grazing livestock

59.60

55.64

50.55

Specialist granivores

2.37

2.63

1.09

Mixed cropping

3.87

3.75

4.91

Mixed livestock holdings

6.08

5.59

4.39

Mixed crops - livestock

12.75

13.92

16.13

Figure KM12-3: The share of Standard Output on agricultural holdings in Slovenia by type of farming in 2007, 2010 and 2016
Sources: 
Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia (2018)
Chart note: 

Calculations by AIS

Show data

2007[%]

2010[%]

2016[%]

Specialist field crops

4.29

6.86

9.15

Specialist horticulture

8.52

2.98

2.38

Specialist permanent crops

6.16

8.34

13.81

Specialist grazing livestock

49.38

50.14

43.49

Specialist granivores

12.31

10.12

8.09

Mixed cropping

3.19

3.45

5.22

Mixed livestock holdings

5.74

5.23

3.69

Mixed crops - livestock

10.40

12.86

14.17

Figure KM12-4: The share of agricultural holdings in Slovenia and EU-28 by type of farming in 2007 and 2016
Sources: 
EUROSTAT (2018)
Chart note: 

Calculations by AIS

Show data

Plant production [%]

Livestock breeding [%]

Mixed livestock breeding [%]

Mixed plant production [%]

Mixed livestock breeding – plant production [%]

Non-classified farms [%]

2007

20.60

45.59

8.24

8.85

16.66

0.05

2016

32.95

36.32

5.42

8.14

17.12

0.04

2007

44.11

25.64

7.21

4.94

15.94

2.15

2016

52.45

25.15

3.46

4.75

12.90

1.30

Figure KM12-5: The share of Utilised Agricultural Area in Slovenia and EU-28 by type of farming in 2007 and 2016
Sources: 
EUROSTAT (2018)
Chart note: 

Calculations by AIS

Show data

Plant production [%]

Livestock breeding [%]

Mixed livestock breeding [%]

Mixed plant production [%]

Mixed livestock breeding – plant production [%]

2007

15.33

61.97

6.08

3.87

12.75

2016

22.52

52.36

4.34

4.83

15.95

2007

43.08

35.83

4.67

3.25

12.93

2016

50.64

33.69

1.99

2.71

10.60

Figure KM12-6: The share of Standard Output on agricultural holdings in Slovenia by type of farming in 2007 and 2016
Sources: 
EUROSTAT (2018)
Chart note: 

Calculations by AIS

Show data

Plant production [%]

Livestock breeding [%]

Mixed livestock breeding [%]

Mixed plant production [%]

Mixed livestock breeding – plant production [%]

2007

18.98

61.69

5.74

3.19

10.40

2016

25.35

51.58

3.69

5.22

14.17

2007

38.89

44.39

4.67

2.95

9.10

2016

40.96

45.55

2.63

2.63

8.23


Goals

Specialization as a development factor does not occupy a significant place in the strategic and program documents of European agricultural policy. Moreover, in most documents, in connection with the intensification, it is mentioned as one of the agricultural factors that most negatively affect the quality of the environment. These impacts are most pronounced in land use change, which can lead to lower plant and animal diversity. Due to the increased concentration of production within a small and limited number of agricultural products, management systems and the intensity of land use can change significantly. Although specialization in some cases (e.g. focus on extensive cattle and small ruminant farming in mountainous and other areas with limited factors) can improve the environmental conditions for the conservation of high natural value agricultural land, most environmental as well as agricultural strategic documents point to the impending the danger of over-specialization in agriculture.


Source data base
Statistical office of Republic of Slovenia
Date of data source summarization
02.03.2021

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