Production methods on agricultural holdings

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2008

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The indicator mainly shows unidentifiable direction of development. The majority of data were available only for a limited period and therefore, the reliable estimation of trends is not possible. The majority of arable fields in Slovenia are part of planned crop rotation, the proportion is slightly above the EU average. Cereals are predominant crops. Areas for growing green fodder and industrial plants are increasing, while the production of root and tuber crops is decreasing. A slow diversification of crop species can be observed, particularly favorable is the increase of the share of legume species. The share of arable fields covered over the winter is slightly above the EU average, considerably higher is the proportion of fields with dedicated winter cover. However, almost a quarter of all fields are still without winter cover. Slovenia belongs to a group of EU Member State countries where conventional soil tillage is prevailing. To achieve the goals of reducing erosion, improving soil management and mitigating the effects of climate change, the reduction of the share of land cultivated by plowing would be desirable.

Definition

Farm management practices have a direct impact on maintaining soil fertility and the ability to adapt to changing climatic factors, as well as, among other things, on the economics of production. Changes in farming practices contribute to reducing the risk of erosion and loss of organic matter in the soil, reducing the risk of water pollution and to improving the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. The types of farms and the use of agricultural land (fields, permanent grassland, permanent crops) determine the basic methods of management. More detailed ways of managing management are indicated by the implementation of crop rotation, the predominant crop rotation elements, the choice of methods and proportions of soil coverage over the winter, and the methods of soil cultivation.

Charts

Figure KM11-1: Share of arable area in crop rotation*

Sources:

EUROSTAT (2018)

; Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia (2018)

Chart note:

Calculations by AIS.

* Data for selected EU Member State countries and EU–28 averages are for year 2010. Data for Slovenia for 2010 are according to EUROSTAT database, and for year 2016 according to data from Statistical office of Slovenia.

Show data


	ARABLE LAND AND KITCHEN GARDENS [ha]	Arable land not included in calculations [ha]	Fallow land [ha]	Flowers and ornamental plants [ha]	Hops [ha]	Vegetables in protected areas [ha]	Asparagus [ha]	Strawberies [ha]	Arable land for calculations [ha]	Cereals [ha]	Share of arable area out in crop rotation [%]	Share of arable area out of crop rotation [%]
Slovenia (2010)	170144								165110	144500	87.52	12.48
Slovenia (2016)	173787	3063.10	1109	85	1485	219.10	54	111	170723.90	154523	90.51	9.49

EU 28									103404290	72497040	70.11	29.89
Hungary									3837230	2347660	61.18	38.82
Germany									11896790	9693940	81.48	18.52
Austria									1371290	872210	63.61	36.39
Italy									7009310	4847530	69.16	30.84
France									18386080	13722710	74.64	25.36
Croatia									895220	99920	11.16	88.84

Export Table Data

Figure KM11-2: Share of different groups of crops on arrable land in Slovenia in the period 1992–2017*

Sources:

EUROSTAT (2018)

; Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia (2021)

Chart note:

Calculations by AIS.

* Data for selected EU Member countries and EU–28 average are for year 2013.

Show data


	Arable land and kitchen garens[ha]	Fallow land[ha]	Cereals[ha]	Dried pulses (grains)[ha]	Root crops[ha]	Industrial crops[ha]	Vegetables and strawberies[ha]	Flowers and ornamental plants[ha]	Fooder from arrable land[ha]	Other crops on arrable land[ha]	Share of cereals[%]	Share of industrial crops[%]	Share of root crops[%]	Share od fooder from arrable land[%]	Share of other crops[%]	Share of other crops[%]
1992	190984	1983	110958	613	21588	5784	3765	144	45678	471	59.95	3.12	11.66	24.68	0.59	12.25
1993	191351	1975	110690	602	21322	5650	3901	153	46533	525	59.73	3.05	11.51	25.11	0.61	12.11
1994	187024	1975	103338	595	21106	6735	3422	153	49157	544	56.94	3.71	11.63	27.09	0.63	12.26
1995	184874	1812	100765	699	21337	4535	2842	139	52231	514	55.96	2.52	11.85	29.00	0.67	12.52
1996	181404	2171	99276	668	20367	5157	3042	124	50166	433	56.39	2.93	11.57	28.49	0.63	12.19
1997	173518	2082	95480	579	18329	4588	2851	132	49026	452	56.68	2.72	10.88	29.10	0.61	11.49
1998	172721	1993	95119	445	19663	4482	2743	140	47635	501	56.67	2.67	11.71	28.38	0.56	12.28
1999	172082	1904	91122	312	23198	4252	2666	149	48061	418	54.45	2.54	13.86	28.72	0.44	14.30
2000	170849	1038	101865	322	18872	4126	2614	157	41423	432	60.98	2.47	11.30	24.80	0.45	11.75
2001	172672	816	103871	362	13831	4313	2828	124	45857	670	61.50	2.55	8.19	27.15	0.61	8.80
2002	168414	464	98277	512	12675	7633	2575	105	44855	1318	59.46	4.62	7.67	27.14	1.11	8.78
2003	172753	320	98286	723	13422	8234	3162	169	47922	515	58.12	4.87	7.94	28.34	0.73	8.67
2004	175080	1288	99345	770	12422	7310	2979	169	50219	580	58.22	4.28	7.28	29.43	0.79	8.07
2005	176314	2108	94637	2009	12317	8050	2995	169	53665	364	55.33	4.71	7.20	31.38	1.39	8.59
2006	177780	872	95951	3905	12941	9034	3273	139	51361	304	55.30	5.21	7.46	29.60	2.43	9.88
2007	175035	1887	98586	2337	6263	11255	2861	154	51467	225	57.95	6.62	3.68	30.25	1.51	5.19
2008	180303	584	105016	1578	4986	9816	3545	154	54404	220	59.66	5.58	2.83	30.91	1.02	3.85
2009	175189	714	100173	1030	4644	10731	3516	154	54007	220	58.65	6.28	2.72	31.62	0.73	3.45
2010	170144	349	93941	886	4477	13321	2378	76	54374	342	56.14	7.96	2.68	32.49	0.73	3.41
2011	168744	479	94125	1134	3870	12425	3387	78	52992	254	57.11	7.54	2.35	32.16	0.84	3.19
2012	171668	487	98378	748	3647	11450	3923	72	52709	254	58.84	6.85	2.18	31.53	0.60	2.78
2013	174110	448	97830	686	3555	11547	3987	96	55761	200	57.69	6.81	2.10	32.88	0.52	2.62
2014	175069	338	98293	691	3821	11867	4138	73	55649	200	57.64	6.96	2.24	32.63	0.52	2.76
2015	171167	1170	96976	847	3494	10419	4115	53	53894	200	58.48	6.28	2.11	32.50	0.63	2.74
2016	173787	1109	95508	1258	3311	13272	4630	85	54212	402	56.86	7.90	1.97	32.28	0.99	2.96
2017	174363	1313	95193	1306	3389	13180	4559	48	54973	402	56.51	7.82	2.01	32.64	1.01	3.03

EU 28											55.60	12		19.90		12.50
Hungary											64.10	21		8.10		6.90
Germany											55	12.90		23.20		8.80
Austria											60.20	11		17.80		11
Italy											52.10	5.70		28.80		13.40
Croatia											67.30	13.70		13.50		5.50

Export Table Data

Figure KM11-3: Trends in share of most important crops on arable land in Slovenia in the period 1992–2017*

Sources:

Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia (2018)

Chart note:

Calculations by AIS.

* Arable land with clovers, lucerne and grass-clover mixtures are also included in calculations for legumes. For oils crops, arable land with soybean was not included in calculations.

Show data


	ARABLE LAND AND KITCHEN GARDENS[ha]	Vegetables[ha]	Fallow land[ha]	CEREALS[ha]	Wheat and spelt[ha]	Rye[ha]	Barley[ha]	Oats[ha]	Triticale[ha]	Maize for grains[ha]	OTHER CEREALS (TOTAL)[ha]	Other cereals - millet[ha]	- as the main crop[ha]	- as the successive crop[ha]	Other cereals - buckwheat[ha]	- as the main crop[ha]	- as the successive crop[ha]	Other[ha]	DRIED PULSES (GRAINS)[ha]	Fodder peas and broad beans[ha]	- Fodder peas[ha]	- Broad beans[ha]	Dry beans[ha]	Dried pulses, other[ha]	ROOT CROPS[ha]	Potato[ha]	Sugar beet[ha]	Fodder roots[ha]	Other fodder roots[ha]	INDUSTRIAL CROPS[ha]	Oil plants[ha]	- Oil turniprape[ha]	- Sunflowers[ha]	- Soya[ha]	- Pumpkins for oil[ha]	Hops[ha]	Other industrial crops[ha]	FODDER FROM ARABLE LAND[ha]	Annual crops[ha]	- Silage maize[ha]	- Other[ha]	- Fodder dried pulses[ha]	Clover and lucerne[ha]	- Clover[ha]	- Lucerne[ha]	Grasses and grass-clover mixtures[ha]	- Grass-clover mixtures[ha]	Other fodder from arable land[ha]	Proportion of legume[%]	Share of winter wheat[%]	Share of maize[%]	Share of crops for oil (without soybean)[%]
1992	190984	3495	1983	110958	36413	2639	8146	2376	0	61220	713	179	35	144	483	25	458	51	613		39	0	574	0		12928	3153	10789		5784		1978	93	0	1232	2398	44	45678		24571	1892	0	4048			19532	11132	473	8.53	19.66	46.31	1.78
1993	191351	3626	1975	110690	37173	2635	9093	2388	0	59253	630	119	48	71	455	44	411	56	602		43	0	559	0		12434	3499	11431		5650		1654	125	42	1295	2466	27	46533		25900	1685	0	3985			19228	10959	485	8.40	20.04	45.91	1.66
1994	187024	3139	1975	103338	35876	2101	12652	2590	0	49359	1371	423	212	211	720	320	400	228	595		114	0	481	0		10147	4910	11311		6735		2278	134	10	1961	2292	38	49157		30311	1514	0	3658			17652	10061	492	7.89	19.75	43.86	2.41
1995	184874	2730	1812	100765	36779	1925	12719	1866	368	46750	1004	255	96	159	652	165	487	97	699		105	0	594	0		10070	6132	9928		4535		296	123	14	1815	2205	69	52231		30321	1906	0	4237			20442	11651	321	9.21	20.41	42.76	1.24
1996	181404	2952	2171	99276	35159	1938	12543	1888	343	47123	822	199	88	111	542	113	429	81	668		73	0	595	0		9382	6341	8647		5157		149	109	4	2596	2233	55	50166		30953	1735	0	3713			17917	10212	307	8.28	19.96	44.31	1.62
1997	173518	2807	2082	95480	33431	1345	10828	1817	437	47491	658	160	38	122	445	40	405	53	579		9	0	570	0		9186	6370	6753		4588		54	9	4	2249	2163	97	49026		29953	1482	0	3885			17172	10297	264	8.76	19.83	45.94	1.37
1998	172721	2707	1993	95119	35025	1227	10871	1793	478	45592	639	163	41	122	424	40	384	52	445		9	0	436	0		9200	7670	6753		4482		77	24	4	2311	2010	44	47635		29285	1447	0	3584			16785	10063	260	8.39	20.85	44.57	1.44
1999	172082	2607	1904	91122	31615	911	10935	2405	634	44401	835	183	80	103	601	90	511	51	312		9	0	303	0		9845	10837	4921		4252		173	24	28	2176	1803	35	48061		30204	1276	0	2997			17860	10407	286	8.20	18.87	44.54	1.42
2000	170849	2507	1038	101865	38256	674	11570	2251	835	48009	915	226	105	121	632	108	524	57	322	39	39	0	309	0		8952	8116	4264		4126		122	24	28	2147	1766	39	41423		26851	1243	0	2863			13899	3918	338	4.30	22.88	44.77	1.37
2001	172672	2731	816	103871	39335	745	12664	1917	1227	47571	1057	157	36	121	742	218	524	158	362	39	39	0	323	0		7785	4700	3778		4313		398	24	38	2122	1682	53	45857		24491	1168	0	1892			21739	5583	470	4.68	23.27	42.63	1.51
2002	168414	3228	464	98277	35729	620	12392	2014	1661	45525	1473	276	67	209	1169	241	928	28	512	204	204	0	308	0		7113	4450	3722		7633		2433	20	67	3232	1817	59	44855		23933	1028	0	2021			22013	6903	1038	5.90	21.70	42.19	3.45
2003	172753	3982	320	99305	35585	630	13789	1964	1820	44137	1380	611	115	495	689	166	523	80	723	367	364	3	351	5		6832	5359	4048		8234	6559	2705	107	40	3707	1662	13	55716	31525	30200	1325	0	2168	1214	954	22023	9387	149	7.53	21.13	44.15	3.87
2004	175080	3631	1288	99775	32385	1109	15324	1854	2124	45996	983	339	277	62	578	210	368	66	770	419	418	1	351	0		6832	4658	3401		7363	5826	1945	56	78	3693	1524	13	56985	29334	27045	2289	67	2357	1000	1357	25294	12087	160	9.24	19.04	42.94	3.35
2005	176314	2891	2108	94637	30059	1320	15451	2731	1986	42369	1631	627	306	321	811	222	589	193	2009	1521	1513	8	451	37		6306	5057	3472		8050	6580	2260	40	172	4108	1453	17	61585	33882	31525	2357	184	3070	1445	1625	24633	12059	222	11.00	17.56	43.16	3.74
2006	177780	3169	872	95951	32083	766	17044	2471	2869	39839	1114	168	120	48	547	360	187	399	3905	3434	3342	92	448	23		5900	6684	1834		9034	7500	2809	156	226	4302	1507	27	57869	28359	27008	1351	57	2481	1010	1471	26725	14652	303	14.22	18.48	38.50	4.19
2007	175035	2752	1887	98586	32040	820	18532	2332	3091	40906	1554	344	113	231	809	351	458	401	2337	1971	1970	1	355	11		5736	0	1977		11255	9666	5358	246	126	3936	1572	17	59207	28474	26802	1672	0	3090	1312	1778	27133	15841	510	13.72	18.82	39.76	5.60
2008	180303	3421	584	105564	35413	714	19229	1887	3241	43698	1382	247	137	110	761	323	438	374	1578	1212	1211	1	355	11	5991	4427	0	1564		9816	8161	4442	256	49	3414	1638	17	61454	27068	26543	525	0	4351	2109	2272	29574	17964	161	14.28	20.10	39.87	4.60
2009	175189	3406	714	100173	34534	892	20089	1773	3399	38611	1568	136	84	52	1044	403	641	388	1030		648		355	27	4644	4175		972	939	10731	9041	4424	227	66	4324	1660	13	54007	27252	26125	1127		5860	3415	2445	30624	19239	183	15.32	20.20	37.87	5.25
2010	170144	2276	349	93941	31946	796	18730	1773	3477	36433	1605	199	95	104	1198	482	716	208	886		513		289	84	4477	4125		587	727	13321	11756	5303	203	109	6141	1488	31	54374	26851	25868	983		5548	2566	2982	29956	19368	230	15.48	19.08	37.21	6.96
2011	168744	3288	479	94125	29665	808	17477	1842	3347	40185	1655	203	58	145	1180	471	709	272	1134		621		289	224	3870	3640		654	726	12425	10969	4770	374	107	5718	1376	52	52992	26885	25970	915		5451	2504	2948	28848	20539	230	16.52	17.99	40.12	6.59
2012	171668	3843	487	98378	34586	902	17967	1369	3640	39166	2103	199	62	137	1676	457	1219	228	748		370		289	89	3647	3386		553	797	11450	10160	5141	367	140	4512	1159	82	52709	28499	27437	1062		5337	2183	3154	27626	19123	230	15.16	20.68	39.82	5.99
2013	174110	3881	448	97830	31758	1489	17314	1203	3490	41857	1860	169	67	102	1401	362	1039	290	686		224		396	66	3555	3307		476	790	11547	10115	6131	273	278	3433	1166	194	55761	30866	30011	855		5722	2339	3382	28699	20034	187	15.75	18.72	42.36	5.80
2014	175069	4051	338	98293	33124	1640	18482	1364	4229	38331	2713	229	105	124	1979	512	1467	506	691		221		396	74	3821	3600		434	761	11867	10162	5563	252	404	3943	1296	364	55649	30147	29485	662		5549	2128	3421	27015	19496	187	15.32	19.42	39.75	5.72
2015	171167	4008	1170	96976	30734	1236	20110	1506	4491	37743	3136	491	264	227	2435	682	1753	209	847		447		396	4	3494	3318		325	597	10419	8503	1629	230	1705	4939	1405	436	53894	29395	28734	661		8507	4074	4432	21864	15454	187	15.98	18.53	40.07	4.10
2016	173787	4519	1109	95508	31461	970	19184	1332	5288	36388	3731	399	78	321	3127	601	2526	206	1258		611		634	13	3311	3164		266	626	13272	11273	3156	241	2466	5410	1485	425	54212	29513	28690	823		10498	4863	5635	21286	14137	375	16.88	18.72	38.73	5.24
2017	174363	4451	1313	95193	28016	1081	20369	1448	5032	38290	4224	347	83	264	3647	643	3004	230	1306		658		634	14	3389	3165		294	678	13180	11142	3435	299	2908	4500	1591	305	54973	29964	29194	770		10158	4795	5364	22324	14152	375	16.93	16.63	40.05	4.89

Export Table Data

Figure KM11-4: Share of arable land with winter cover in 2010 and 2016*

Sources:

EUROSTAT (2018)

; Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia (2018)

Chart note:

Calculations by AIS.

* Data for selected EU Member State countries and EU–28 average are for year 2013.

Show data


	ARABLE LAND AND KITCHEN GARDENS[ha]	Fallow land[ha]	Field included in calculation[ha]	Arable land with normal winter crops[ha]	Arable land with cover and intermediate crops[ha]	Arable land with plant residues[ha]	Bare soil[ha]	Share of arrable land with normal winter crops[%]	Share of arrable land with cover or intermediate crops[%]	Share of arable land with plant residues[%]	Share of bare soil in arable land[%]	Share of arrable land with normal winter crops[%]	Share of arrable land with cover or intermediate crops[%]	Share of arable land with plant residues[%]	Share of bare soil in arable land[%]
Slovenia (2010)	170144	349	168205	77239	28532	4987	35116	45.92	16.96	2.96	20.88	52.95	19.56	3.42	24.07
Slovenia (2016)	173787	1109	171028	80787	21352	11023	40667	47.24	12.48	6.45	23.78	52.52	13.88	7.17	26.44

EU 28			103404290	45302160	5648220	9165260	26244110	43.81	5.46	8.86	25.38	52.46	6.54	10.61	30.39
Hungary			3837230	1506710	44970	217300	1817950	39.27	1.17	5.66	47.38	42.01	1.25	6.06	50.68
Germany			11896790	7054160	821160	1140750	2201660	59.29	6.90	9.59	18.51	62.88	7.32	10.17	19.63
Austria			1371290	480590	368210	25130	150510	35.05	26.85	1.83	10.98	46.91	35.94	2.45	14.69
Italy			7009310	2225390	132890	635800	1451560	31.75	1.90	9.07	20.71	50.06	2.99	14.30	32.65
France			18386080	8573370	1992730	1537160	6272960	46.63	10.84	8.36	34.12	46.65	10.84	8.36	34.14
Croatia			895220	289000	14660	37160	449820	32.28	1.64	4.15	50.25	36.55	1.85	4.70	56.89

Export Table Data

Figure KM11-5: Share of arable land according to tillage practices in 2010 and 2016*

Sources:

EUROSTAT (2018)

; Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia (2018)

Chart note:

Calculations by AIS.

* Data for selected EU Member State countries and EU-27 average are for year 2010.

Show data


	ARABLE LAND AND KITCHEN GARDENS[ha]	Flowers and ornamental plants[ha]	Hops[ha]	Vegetables in protected areas[ha]	Asparagus[ha]	Strawberies[ha]	Arable land for calculations[ha]	Conventional tillage[ha]	Conservational tillage[ha]	Zero tillage[ha]	Fallow land and arable land with no data[ha]	Share of arable land with conventional tillage[%]	Share of arable land with conservational tillage[%]	Share of arable land with zero tillage[%]	Share of fallow land[%]
2010	170144	76	1488	180.90		102	168297.10	128894	14692	2480	22231.10	76.59	8.73	1.47	13.21
2016	173787	85	1485	219.10	54	111	171832.90	142814	19274	918	8880.90	83.11	11.22	0.53	5.17

EU 27							102535310	65458370	19176980	3530940	14369020	63.84	18.70	3.44	14.01
Hungary							3837230	3205710	409670	44170	177680	83.54	10.68	1.15	4.63
Germany							11896790	6610510	4470300	146610	669370	55.57	37.58	1.23	5.63
Austria							1370290	972960	326720	28330	42280	71.00	23.84	2.07	3.09
Italy							7009310	5183060	300970	283920	1241360	73.95	4.29	4.05	17.71
France							18386080	8991900	4619950	530270	4243960	48.91	25.13	2.88	23.08
Croatia							895220	808340	25660	18540	39680	90.30	2.87	2.07	4.43

Export Table Data

Goals

The indicator is directly related to the strategic goals of the Resolution on the strategic directions of the development of Slovenian agriculture and food until 2020 Zagotovimo.si food for tomorrow:

Ensuring food security through the stable production of safe, high-quality and consumer-friendly food.
Sustainable use of production potentials and provision of public goods related to agriculture.
Implementing agricultural practices that will preserve biodiversity, soil and water quality.
Increasing the competitiveness of agriculture and food processing industry.

Additionally, the indicator is related to the strategic objectives of the Rural Development Programme 2014–2020:

Restoration, conservation and enhancement of biodiversity, including Natura 2000 sites and areas with natural or other special constraints, and farming of high natural value and landscape status in Europe.
Improving water management, including the management of fertilizers and pesticides.
Preventing soil erosion and improving soil management.
Climate change effects mitigation and adaptation.

The indicator is partly related to other environmental objectives:

Eradicating hunger, achieving food security and improved nutrition, and promoting sustainable agriculture (Agenda 2030).
Protection, conservation and improvement of the Union's natural capital (7^th Environmental Action Program).
The protection of Union citizens against environmental pressures and risks to health and well-being (7^th Environmental Action Program).

Methodology

Source data base

Statistical office of Republic of Slovenia

Date of data source summarization

04.10.2018

Time coverage

1992–2017

Geographical coverage

Slovenia

Source data base

EUROSTAT

Date of data source summarization

09.10.2018

Time coverage

2010 and 2013

Last modified: 11.10.2018

Author(s): Aleš Kolmanič, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia

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[KM11] Production methods on agricultural holdings

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